Class 9

9.3.2 Ionic Bond

This is the second lecture from Chapter 3: “Chemical Bonding” in the new Class 9 Chemistry book (Punjab Board – PCTB). It explains the basics of ionic bond and formation of ionic bond in various compounds. The lecture also includes a multiple-choice quiz, short question and long question notes.

MCQs Based Quiz

9.3.2 Ionic Bond

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An ionic bond is formed as a result of:

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What type of chemical bond is present in table salt (NaCl)?

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What happens during the chemical bonding between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?

4 / 15

What happens to sodium (Na) when it forms an ionic bond?

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What happens to chlorine (Cl) when it forms an ionic bond?

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In table salt (NaCl) which ion has a stable electronic configuration?

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What type of chemical bond is present in NaF?

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What type of chemical bond is present in NaB?

9 / 15

An electrovalent bond is formed as a result of:

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An electrovalent bond is formed between:

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What type of chemical bond is present in CaF₂?

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During the formation of a chemical bond, the transfer of electrons happens from the:

13 / 15

Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions are held together in an ionic bond through:

14 / 15

Which statement about ionic bonds is TRUE?

15 / 15

Why can't noble gases form ionic bonds?

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The average score is 93%

Short Questions

Q1. How would you define an ionic bond, also knows as electrovalent bond?

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

Example: The chemical bond in NaCl is an ionic bond.

Q2. What are ionic compounds? Give some examples of these compounds.

A compound in which atoms are held together through ionic bonds is called an ionic compound.

Example: NaCl, KCl, NaF, NaBr, CaCl2, MgF2

Q3. Explain the formation of chemical bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).

The chemical bond formation involves the following steps:

  1. Sodium (Na) loses its outermost electron to form a Na+
  2. Chlorine (Cl) accepts this electron into its outermost shell to form a Cl–
  3. The Na+ cation and Cl– anion are held together by an electrostatic force of attraction which is called an ionic bond.

Q4. Explain the formation of chemical bond between calcium (Ca) and chlorine (Cl).

This chemical bond formation involves the following steps:

  1. Calcium (Ca) loses its two outermost electrons to form a Ca2+
  2. Two chlorine (Cl) atoms accept these two electrons into their outermost shell to form two Cl–
  3. Ca2+ cation and Cl– anions are held together by an electrostatic force of attraction which is called an ionic bond.

Q5. What types of elements form ionic bond?

An ionic bond is formed between the following types of atoms:

  1. Atoms that can complete their outermost shell by losing up to three electrons (these form cations).
  2. Atoms that can complete their outermost shell by gaining up to three electrons (these form anions).

Q6. What are the conditions for an ionic bond to be formed?

The following are the conditions for the formation of an ionic bond:

  1. The atoms involved must be able to lose or gain up to three electrons to complete their outermost shell.
  2. There must be a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
  3. Electrons transference must only involve outermost shells.

Q7. What is a crystal lattice?

A crystal lattice is the three-dimensional arrangement of ions in an ionic compound.

Descriptive Question

Q1. What is an ionic or electrovalent bond? Explain the formation of ionic bond using sodium chloride (NaCl) as an example.

An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

Example: The chemical bond in NaCl is an ionic bond.

A compound in which atoms are held together through ionic bonds is called an ionic compound.

Example: NaCl, KCl, NaF, NaBr, CaCl2, MgF2

Elements That Form Ionic Bonds:

  1. Elements that can complete their outermost shell by losing up to three electrons (these form cations).
  2. Elements that can complete their outermost shell by gaining up to three electrons (these form anions).

Conditions for Ionic Bond Formation:

The following are the conditions for the formation of an ionic bond:

  1. The atoms involved must be able to lose or gain up to three electrons to complete their outermost shell.
  2. There must be a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
  3. Electrons transference must only involve outermost shells.

Formation of Ionic Bond in Sodium Chloride (NaCl):

The ionic bond formation involves the following steps:

  • Sodium (Na) loses its outermost electron to form a sodium cation (Na+).

$\ce{\underset{\text{(Unstable)}}{Na} -> \underset{\text{(Stable)}}{Na+} + e^-}$

  • Chlorine (Cl) accepts this electron into its outermost shell to form a chloride ion (Cl–).

$\ce{\underset{\text{(Unstable)}}{Cl} + e^- -> \underset{\text{(Stable)}}{Cl-}}$

  • The Na+ cation and Cl– anion are held together by an electrostatic force of attraction which is called an ionic bond.

$\ce{Na^+ + Cl^- -> NaCl }$

Ionic Bond Formation in Sodium and Chlorine (Sodium Chloride NaCl)

Q2. Explain the formation of chemical bond between calcium (Ca) and chlorine (Cl).

This ionic bond formation involves the following steps:

  • Calcium (Ca) loses its two outermost electrons to form a calcium cation (Ca2+).

$\ce{
\underset{\text{(Unstable)}}{Ca} ->
\underset{\text{(Stable)}}{Ca^{2+}} + 2e^-
}$

  • Two chlorine (Cl) atoms accept these two electrons into their outermost shell to form two chloride ions (Cl–).

$\ce{\underset{\text{(Unstable)}}{2Cl} + 2e^- -> \underset{\text{(Stable)}}{2Cl^-}}$

  • Ca2+ cation and Cl– anions are held together by an electrostatic force of attraction which is called an ionic bond.